Misinnervation in the third nerve palsy: Vertical synergistic divergence or consummate congenital bilateral asymmetrical Brown′s syndrome with congenital ptosis?

Synergistic convergence in congenital extraocular muscle misinnervation.

S ynergistic divergence is a well-established clinical condition in which abduction arises on attempted adduction, leading to simultaneous abduction of both eyes on lateral gaze. Synergistic divergence can occur as an extreme form of Duane syndrome, where most if not all oculomotor nerve branch fibers originally directed to the medial rectus muscle innervate the lateral rectus muscle. Synergist...

unilateral congenital third nerve palsy associated with osteogenesis imperfecta

purpose: congenital third nerve palsy was generally thought to exist in isolation without associated abnormalities. in this report, we present a case of congenital third nerve palsy in osteogenesis imperfecta. methods: a 6-month-old girl with osteogenesis imperfceta presented with ptosis and large incomitant exotropia in left eye (le) at birth. ocular examination revealed total third nerve pals...

Congenital third nerve palsy associated with mid-trimester amniocentesis.

Congenital sixth nerve palsy with associated anomalies

Congenital abduction deficit is most likely due to Duane's retraction syndrome as congenital abducens nerve palsy is very rare. We report two cases of infantile abduction deficit due to sixth nerve palsy associated with other anomalies to highlight the importance of including neuroimaging in the evaluation of an infant presenting with a limitation of abduction.

Management of congenital fourth cranial nerve palsy.